ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions and Answers

ASP.NET MVC is getting popular more and more day by day, it has different features, it is popular due to its Modal-View-Controller architecture.
This article contains ASP.NET MVC interview questions that will help you to brush up your asp.net MVC concepts, this is the one point stop where you can get interview breaker Q & A.

Let's go through it

1. What is ASP.NET MVC ?
This is the most common asked question, it is an architectural pattern which separates the UI and code. It's basically divided into Model, View, and Controller section.
- As name suggest, The View is responsible for the look and feel.
- Model is real world object and provides data to the View.
- This is the heart of the architecture, it responsible for request and loading the appropriate Model and View.

2. What are the features of ASP.NET MVC?
- Clear separation of application concerns.
- Supports for Test Driven Development
- Supports Membership and roles, authentication and authorization, provider model and caching

3. What is Routing in ASP.NET MVC?
Routing is very easy in ASP.NET MVC. it shows user friendly URL in application, it is just like a URL rewriting. ASP.NET MVC framework uses a routing engine, that maps URLs to controller classes
see below image in which you can see difference between ASP.NET path and ASP.NET MVC path, We can define routing rules for the engine, so that it can map incoming request URLs to appropriate controller
When URL redirect to another page it collect routing rules that are defined in Global.asax file and process the request

4. How to navigate from One view to another ?
You can easily do it using Hyperlink, by using 'ActionLink' method we can navigate to destination action
see below snippet

<%= Html.ActionLink("Home","GotoDestination") %>

5. What is VIEWDATA in ASP.NET MVC ?
To pass data from controller to view and in next subsequent request, ASP.NET MVC uses VIEWDATA. But it is limited to only server call and to main the state. When i redirect to another page
it gives me 'null' value, it acts between a link in VIEW and CONTROLLER. ViewData being a dictionary object is accessible using strings as keys.
ViewData requires typecasting for complex data type and check for null values to avoid error.
see below sample

//IN CONTROLLER
//add some value to VIEWDATA
public ActionResult Index()
{
 ViewData["Text"] = "This is from view data";
 return View();
}

//IN VIEW
//access it in dictonary
@ViewData["Text"]

6. What is VIEWBAG in ASP.NET MVC ?
It is simply same as VIEWDATA, which used to maintain state and transfer values between controller to view and in next subsequent request, just the difference is ViewBag is a dynamic property that takes advantage of the new dynamic features
ViewBag doesn't require typecasting for complex data type, both VIEWDATA and VIEWBAG has short life means, they are 'null' if redirect to another page
see below sample

//IN CONTROLLER
//add some value to VIEWDATA
public ActionResult Index()
{
 ViewBag.Name = "This is from VIEWBAG";
 return View();
}

//IN VIEW
//access it
@ViewBag.Name 

7. What is TEMPDATA in ASP.NET MVC ?
TEMPDATA is also dictionary type but it access request data and maintain state between multiple redirect, from one controller to the other controller or from one action to other action.
it uses HTTP request to transfer data. It internally uses session variables. it can be used to store only one time messages like exceptions.

see below sample

//in controller 1
public ActionResult Index()
{
 var model = new Review()
 {
 Body = "i am controller 1",
 };
 TempData["CON1"] = model;
 return RedirectToAction("Test");
}

//in controller 2
public ActionResult Test() 
{ 
 var model= TempData["CON1"]; 
 return View(model); 
}

8. How to transfer values in ASP.NET MVC between Controller and View ?
There are following ways to transfer values in ASP.NET MVC
1. ViewData : Transfer values only between Controller to View
2. ViewBag : Transfer values only between Controller to View
3. TempData : Transfer values only between Controller to Controller
4.Session Variables : It is very strong and dynamic way to Transfer values in ASP.NET MVC, it supports values transfer between Controller to Controller, Controller to View and View and Controller
5. Hidden Fields : Transfer values only between View to Controller

9. Is TempData can persist values between multiple request ?
This is very weird question The answer of this question is YES and NO,
YES cause it can persist values between request and NO cause once the value of TempData is read, it is empty

10. What is Model ?
Model is the layer between UI and input, in simple ways it handles all business logic, validation and database part, it manipulates it and saved back to database

11. Can i use ASP.NET MVC in Windows application
No. Model, View, controller framework is used to create web applications only, in windows you can Model, View, Presenter model

12. What is Razor in ASP.NET MVC ?
As word suggest Razor is acts like cleaner, it just trim the coding brackets and allow new style of coding
see below snippet

//in Classic ASP.NET we uses brackets to render variable
<ol>
<% foreach (var empname in Model)
{ %>
 <li> <% empname.name %> </li>
<% }%>
</ol>

//in ASP.MVC, Razor cleans unused tags and make it faster
<ol>
@foreach (var empname in Model)
{ 
 <li> @empname.name </li>
}
</ol>

13. What is partial view
It is like a user control in asp.net we can use them multiple time, its a reusable view.Partial and RenderPartial methods are used to show partial view
see below snippet

<div>@Html.Partial("_Test")</div>
<div>@{Html.RenderPartial("_Test")}</div>

14. What are the different result ASP.NET MVC can produce
Basically ASP.NET MVC produce only one result, that is 'ActionResult' but it has again different sub class like,
1. ViewResult - Get the response and render specific view.
2. PartialViewResult - Renders a specific but partial view to the response
3. EmptyResult - Return an empty result
4. RedirectResult - Returns an HTTP redirection to a given URL
5. RedirectToRouteResult - Depending on the routing engine get the URL and redirect the result
6. JsonResult - Return given ViewData object to JSON format
7. JavaScriptResult - Return code piece of Javascript that can later execute on client machine
8. ContentResult - Return content to the response
9. FileContentResult - Returns a file with content to the client
10.FileStreamResult - Returns a file to the client but in the form of a Stream
11.FilePathResult - Returns a file with path to the client

15. How to add style sheet in ASP.NET MVC
it is same like your classic ASP.NET

<link rel="StyleSheet" href="@Href(test.css)" type="text/css" />

16.What is the HTML Helper in ASP.NET MVC ?
HTML Helper is like a Classic ASP.NET controls but they are very light weight in comparison with traditional controls, an HTML helper does not have an event model and a view state.
all HTML links and HTML form elements are the part of HTML helper class
e.g. see below HTML link control in HTML Helper

@Html.ActionLink("Check this Website", "Newwebsite")
//when we run this code on Browser we get following output in HTML
<a href="Newwebsite">Check this Website</a>

17. What is minification, and why it is necessary ?
Minification is the process of reducing the size of script and CSS files by removing blank spaces, comments. This process removes whitespaces and comments, it will leads to minimize in file size, and thus increasing performance.
see below snippet

//simple javascript code is below
var a = 10;
a = a + 1;
a = a * 2;

//after minification we will get
var a=10;a=a+1;a=a*2;

Now with above code you can see your .js file size get reduced

18.What is Web API 's in ASP.NET MVC ?
- Web API is a new framework for building on HTTP to consuming Services over REST, it support wide range of Web browsers,desktop,mobile, smart phones

19. What is display Modes ?
with the help of Display Modes, Views selected automatically by application depending on the browser. e.g. for desktop browser application return URL as 'Views\test\Login.cshtml' and for same application mobile browsers will redirect to 'Views\test\Login.mobile.cshtml'

Summing up
We have seen very basic and frequently asked Q&A series, In next part of this Article I will cover more complex scenario's about ASP.NET MVC, till then enjoy this stuff.

Comments/Suggestions/Doubts are always welcome

Thanks
koolprasad2003

Check all functionality using Javascript in Gridview

This is a small article that helps you to implement popular functionality of check all, it helps you to put checkbox in gridview view header and on click of that checkbox, all check boxes will checked at once


History
We have to developed a customized outlook a small interface that take care of all incoming mails. This interface is also used to delete the mails if not necessary.
for that use gridview to show all incoming mails and a facility in the form of checkbox to delete them either one by one or all at once. Now a list of problems come up
- How to add a checkbox in gridview header ?
- How check all columns on single click ?
- Can we do it on client side so we can save additional load on server execuion ?

Introduction
In this article we go through the concept adding checkbox at gridview header, check/uncheck all checkboxes with the help of javascript on client side
here we go to collect cooking material. This simple demo is ready to use and handy in many codes.

What we need to make it ?
we need a gridview, A auto generated column of checkbox, gridview header temaple to keep checkbox in header and finally a javascript to work on checkboxes

Code in action
- Create a new ASP.NET website
- on default.aspx, add a gridview from toolbox and add asp:TemplateField for checkbox
- Set HeaderStyle, ItemStyle, Row style as desired
- Now we have design our gridview successfully, but how to add checkbox in gridview header ?
- it's simple, add checkbox in under , it will generate a checkbox in gridview header.

Header template

<HeaderTemplate>
           <asp:CheckBox ID="chkHeaderSelect" runat="server" onclick="return callCheckAll()" />
</HeaderTemplate>

I have put a code for you to copy it directly, copy the code and add it in ASPX page.

//paste the code in ASPX page
 <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="true" BackColor="White"
        BorderColor="#336699" BorderStyle="Solid" BorderWidth="1px" Font-Size="10" 
        GridLines="Both" Width="80%" HorizontalAlign="Center">
        <Columns>
            <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Select" ItemStyle-HorizontalAlign="Center">
                <ItemTemplate>
                    <asp:CheckBox ID="chkSelect" runat="server" />
                </ItemTemplate>
                <HeaderStyle HorizontalAlign="Center" VerticalAlign="Middle" Width="20%" />
                <ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Center" VerticalAlign="Middle" Width="20%" />
                <HeaderTemplate>
                    <asp:CheckBox ID="chkHeaderSelect" runat="server" onclick="return callCheckAll()" />
                </HeaderTemplate>
            </asp:TemplateField>
        </Columns>
        <RowStyle HorizontalAlign="Center" />
        <HeaderStyle BackColor="#336699" ForeColor="White" Height="20" />
    </asp:GridView>

now, use the javascript to work "checkAll" functionality
see below script snippet

//copy following code in <head> section
  <script language="Javascript" type="text/javascript">
        function callCheckAll() 
    {
          var checkList = GridView1.getElementsByTagName("input");
      var bChecked = false;
      if (checkList[0].checked)
      {
           bChecked = true;
      }
     for (var i = 0; i < checkList.length; i++) 
     {
         //The First check box is Header Checkbox
             var headerCheck = checkList[0];
             var checked = true;
             if (checkList[i].type == "checkbox" && checkList[i] != headerCheck)
            {
        checkList[i].checked = bChecked;
            }
        }
  }
</script>

now fill the gridview and Ready for the effect

//Add this code on page load, to fill gridview using Datatable
         DataTable dt = new DataTable();

        //Put some columns in it. 
        dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("No", typeof(int)));
        dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Name", typeof(string)));
        dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Address", typeof(string)));

        for (int iCount = 0; iCount < 10; iCount++)
        {
            // Create the record 
            DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
            dr["No"] = iCount + 1;// i; 
            dr["Name"] = "DemoName" + iCount;//xmn2[1].InnerText;  //value from textbox on screen 
            dr["Address"] = "Address" + iCount;//xmn4[1].InnerText; //value from textbox on screen 
            dt.Rows.Add(dr);
        }

        //Bind the GridView to the data in the data table for display. 
        this.GridView1.Visible = true;
        GridView1.DataSource = dt;
        GridView1.DataBind();

This simple snippet/article really helpful to you to implement checkAll functionality.

Suggestion are most welcome.

Tricky SQL Server Interview Question and answers

Are you preparing for a SQL server interview? want some tricky questions and answers that will give you break through ? Then you are at the correct place. Here i have some bunch of tricky SQL Server interview questions and answers that will really help you to go through the interview

1.With is the Sixth normal form in SQL server? - Ohhh...You may think that, i have heard about first to forth only but what is this SIXTH? Friends, do not try to impress the interviewer just skip this question.
Sixth normal form does exist but use it when you want a relational system in conjunction with time. At this moment SQL Server does not support it directly.

2. In which Files does SQL Server Actually Store Data? - SQL server has 2 data files associated with it
1. MDF : Which is actual data file storage
2. LDF : (Log data files) which stores transaction log

3. Do you know How many locks are exist in SQL Server ? - We have these many locks exist here, see below
1. Intent
2. Shared
3. Update
4. Exclusive
5. Schema
6. Bulk Update

4.What is SQL Profiler?- It is a tool that allows administrator to monitor different events and transaction of SQL server instance, You can capture and save data about each event to a file or SQL Server table to analyze later
it is not available with EXPRESS edition

5. Can i insert into a table having just one IDENTITY column?- Yes you can, Use following Query

INSERT INTO TABLE1 DEFAULT VALUES;

6. How to drop primary key from a column using Query
- See below query to drop primary key constraint

ALTER TABLE Table1 DROP CONSTRAINT PK_Table1_Col1

7. What is the difference between a DDL trigger and a DML trigger?- DDL commands are always deal with table structures, these command can update/modify table structure (CREATE, ALTER, DROP)
DMS commands are always deal with data/records not with table structure (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)

8. What the difference between UNION and UNIONALL?
- Union will remove the duplicate rows from the result set while UNIONALL does not remove them. So to avoid data redundancy you need to use UNION

9. What is the clustered and a non-clustered index?
- Clustered index is the physical index that reorders the way records in the table are physically stored, In non-clustered index logical order of the index does not match the physical stored order of the rows on disk

10. What's the difference between a primary key and a unique key?
- Both keys are not allow duplicate entries but primary key create a cluster index where as unique key create a non clustered index. Secondly primary key doesn't allow NULLs, but unique key allows one NULL only.
11. How to change the data type of a column- The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add, delete, or modify columns in an existing table.
Here is the query to change column datataype
ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER COLUMN column_name data type

12. How to check the version of SQL server and operating system?
- With the help of the following query we can get it
SELECT SERVERPROPERTY ('productversion'), SERVERPROPERTY ('productlevel'), SERVERPROPERTY ('edition').

13. What is CHECK Constraint?
- CHECK Constraint used to limit the values that can be placed in a column

14. How can you delete duplicate records in a table where there is no primary key?
- You can take Use of the SET ROWCOUNT command. Here if you had 2 duplicate rows you would issue SET ROWCOUNT 1, then your DELETE command then SET ROWCOUNT 0.
15. What is NOT NULL Constraint?- This constraint force the column to not accept NULL values

16. How to copy data from one table to another table?
- With the help of 'INSERT INTO SELECT' or 'SELECT INTO' queries you can copy data from a datatable to another

17. What is PIVOT
- To automatically sort, count, and total the data stored in one table we use PIVOT. It will also rotate table as rows to columns and vice versa

18. What are DBCC commands?
- These are the Database Consistency Checker commands; They will Check disk allocation consistency, Display information about recent transactions.
19. Find the 3rd MAX salary in the emp table

Select distinct sal from emp e1 where 3 = (select count(distinct sal) from emp e2 where e1.sal <= e2.sal);

20. What is the difference between Trigger and Stored Procedure?- Triggers cannot be called directly they need to associated with different quires

Finisher
Suggestion/Queries always welcome

Happy Interview
- Prasad

JQuery Interview Questions

Are you preparing a Jquery interview? Then read this blog to know more about JQuery, here I have given some frequently asked JQuery Interview Questions and answers, which will surely help you to crack your interview


1. What is JQuery?
- Most simple but frequently asked question, JQuery is a library designed by javascript, it is light weight, it is simple than JavaScript, it has many inbuilt methods and it can handle events, Html DOM and Ajax

2. What is $ in JQuery?
- Simple it is a function selector or a JQuery object, some says $ is a shortcut to the jQuery function

3. Can i use Javascript and JQuery on same page?
- Yes, we can use Javascript and JQuery on same page, for the use of JQuery we need to add .JS library reference to the page, where as for JavaScript for separate library reference is needed.

4. How to use JQuery?
 - JQuery can be easily called with the help of its referenced libraries, first we need to give JQuery library reference to page and then call it using '$' sign
see below snippet, we can write JQuery in HEAD section

<head>
//here is JQuery reference
//JQuery 
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
 alert("Message on on page load")
});
</script>
</head>

above snippet shows, we can write JQuery in HEAD section and above code will call on Page load
5. What are the features of JQuery?
- JQuery is highly intractable, it has following features

• Rich Inbuilt methods that easily interact with controls
• Events handling
• Special widgets
• Animation and effect supports
• Good alternative to flash
• Strong AJAX support
• HTML DOM Manipulation
• Can Bind Multiple Event Handlers in single method

6. What is JQuery UI?
- JQuery UI is also a JavaScript library, as name suggest it is a user interface portal that is built using JavaScript and can be easily added in new and existing applications
it contains interactions, widgets and effects, we can build UI rich and highly interactive applications using it.

7. Which are the performance responsive selector?
- The elements which are selected using ID are the performance responsive selector as the ID is unique throughout the rendered page

8. JQuery or JavaScript which is quicker in execution?
- Native JavaScript is always faster in operation than JQuery cause JQuery is a JavaScript library,
e.g. Through we call '$(#EmpName)' in JQuery, it internally convert the syntax to javascript's 'getElementById("EmpName")' method and then execute in browser

9. What is has() in JQuery? - has() is selection filter, it checks Check if an Element 'Has Something', means if i want to traverse my HTML file and check if DIV has list tag (OL) then we can check with has(), see below snippet

JQuery('div').has('ol');

above code will select all element with 'ol'
10. Can JQuery parse XML?
- No, currently JQuery supports only HTML DOM parser

11. Can JQuery Run on MAC or Linux instead of Windows?
- JQuery support cross browser and cross platform compatibility hence it fluidly runs on Windows/MAC/Linux with all major browser compatibility (IE/Chrome/FF/NN/Safari)

12. When to use JQuery?
- Basically JQuery can be use more than validation part, Alone JavaScript can be able to handle validation part, you can us JQuery when you want rich user interface with client side events, when you want to remove flash plug inns and put some animations

13. Which effects has inbuilt supported by JQuery?
- Hide, Show, Toggle, SlideDown, SlideToggle, SlideUp, FadeIn, FadeOut, Animate, FadeTo, FadeToggle, has inbuilt support by JQuery

14. Can we replace any character or variable instead of $ in JQuery?
- Yes,
we can replace $ by using no Conflict () method, see below snippet to replace $

var szDoll = $.noConflict()

15. Tell me something about JQuery debugging? JQuery can be debugged easily using following ways

1. using debugger; keyword : Add debugger; keyword just before the line where you want to debug
2. using Breakpoint : If you have visual studio then you can place breakpoint on line where you want to start debugging
3. Placing a Alert box : It is traditional way, if you don't have visual studio, you need to place a alert boxes in lines from where you want start debugging

16. What is Method chaining in JQuery?
 - As name suggest it is the chain of methods executed in sequence, it is executed in single statement, see following snippet

$("#div1").text("DIV 1");
$("#div1").css("color", "red");
$("#div1").removeClass("cls");

//instead we can write
$("#div1").text("DIV 1");
          .css("color", "red");
          .removeClass("cls");

17. How to redirect a page using JQuery?
- There is no specific JQuery syntax to redirect a page, you can use Javascript syntax instead, see below snippet

window.location.replace("http://test/default.aspx");
OR
window.location.href = http://test/default.aspx;

18. How to refresh a page using JQuery?
- you can use location.reload() method, to refresh page, see below snippet

$('#div1').click(function() 
{
location.reload();
});

19. How to check if element is hidden or visible using JQuery?
- You can use 'is()' method for 'display' or 'hidden' property, it returns boolean variable, see below snippet

$("#txtEmpName").is(":visible"); 

20. What is difference in return false and preventDefault in JQuery?
- when we call return false, it first call e.preventDefault and then call e.stopPropagation which stop execution, where as e.preventDefault will prevent event to be bubbling up.

21. What is difference between "#" and "." selector in JQuery? - Basically JQuery uses following notation as selector

1. $("div") : It is global selector which Selects all DIV element in page
2. $("#btnSubmit") : # is a specific ID selector which select element having ID as 'btnSubmit'
3. $(".classBold") : . is a specific Class selector which select element having class as 'classBold'

22. Which are the most common JQuery evens?

• click () : Raise when any element is clicked
• dblclick() : Raise when any element is double clicked
• mouseenter() : Raise when mouse pointer enter in element
• mouseleave() : Raise when mouse pointer leave an element
• mousedown() : Raise when mouse pointer clicked down on element
• mouseup() : Raise when mouse pointer clicked and release on element
• focus() : Raise when element got focus

Rome was not built in a day, still more to come, i will cover some more complex Q&A in Next version of this article, till then you can enjoy this most commonly asked question

Suggestion and queries are most welcome

Thanking you
-Prasad